#Funcao dns relay software#

Directional overcurrent relays (DORs) are the key protection devices in such networks and their coordination has a profound impact on the overall protection of networks.

The modern power system networks are very complex and often consist of multiloop structures with increased penetration of renewable energy sources-based distributed generations. The purpose of this review paper will be to lay a groundwork for future research papers by inspecting the overall development of the overcurrent relay optimization problem for contemporary and future active distribution networks. Finally, a relatively new concept of adaptive distribution network protection will be reviewed, and its potential application to the overcurrent relay optimization problem will be examined.

The distribution network in mesh operation implicitly suggests using numerical relays on both sides of protected elements (usually lines), so their total number will be much higher than in radial operation. Next, meshed network operation will be critically assessed in comparison with the actual practice of radial operation, and some topologies will be highlighted for future research, while others will be discarded. This is because the relays being used are of an inverse-type. Protection settings of all the existing and new relays must be thoroughly inspected before the connection of new production units, because contributing fault currents may have a significant effect on the solution of the overcurrent optimization problem. Furthermore, the impact of distributed generation units on the overcurrent relay optimization problem will be elaborated in detail. Special emphasis will be put on observing the optimization of discrimination time between primary and backup relay pairs, and methods which prevent the latter becoming penalty functions will be shown. The goal of this review paper will be to address complex optimization functions in the area of overcurrent relay optimization, to inspect and valorize their objectives and to critically examine their application in real distribution networks. In addition, an actual case of a subtransmission network in Taiwan Power Company is simulated to validate the feasibility of the technique proposed.

Finally, assisting with the graphical capability of the commercial ASPEN OneLiner, the proposed fixed-point coordination curve adjustment procedure can completely eliminate the coordination curve intersections.

#Funcao dns relay software#

Then, centered on the derived equations, a dedicated software program is developed to compute the corresponding relay lever setting with different tap value in order that, passing through the selected point, another curve with the new lever setting is chosen. Based on the IEEE and IEC standard characteristic curve equations of digital overcurrent relays, as well as the simulation curve equation for electromagnetic overcurrent relays, lever setting adjustment equations for a selected point on the characteristic curve is derived. This paper presents a practical and effective novel approach to solve the coordination problem caused by the curve intersection of overcurrent relays in subtransmission systems.